ILONGGO
29 November 2024
The Pre-colonial Ilonggo people, also known as the Ilonggo-Bisaya, were a significant indigenous group in the Philippines, primarily inhabiting the islands of Panay and Guimaras, as well as parts of Negros Occidental. Their history and culture are fascinating, though shrouded in some mystery.
The Maragtas and its Controversies
Much of what we know about the pre-colonial Ilonggo is based on the Maragtas, a document purportedly written in early times that details the arrival of ten Bornean datus to Panay. However, the Maragtas is considered by some scholars to be more folk history than accurate historical record. It has multiple versions and includes fantastical elements, making it difficult to verify its historical accuracy.
Archaeological Evidence Offers Clues
Archaeological discoveries in Iloilo, particularly in Oton, Cabatuan, and Dingle, provide evidence that the Ilonggo people were present long before the Maragtas' traditional date of 1250. These sites contain artifacts, including Chinese porcelain, indicating early settlements and trade with China and other Asian countries dating back to the 10th century.
A Glimpse into Pre-Colonial Life
Accounts from Chinese and early Spanish writers suggest that the Ilonggo-Bisaya lived in established settlements with a considerable population. They were skilled farmers, fishermen, and craftspeople, producing crops, textiles, and intricate jewelry. They had their own system of writing, songs, dances, and oral traditions, including epics and stories.
The "Pintados" and Early Spanish Encounters
The Spanish initially called the Ilonggo people "Pintados" because of their practice of tattooing. They were so impressed by the intricate tattoos that they believed the Ilonggo people painted them on their skin. This led to the Visayas being referred to as "Las Islas del Pintados" (the islands of the painted ones).
Linguistic Diversity and the "Ati"
As the Spanish established themselves in Panay, they began to record two distinct groups of inhabitants: the Bisaya and the Ati. The Bisaya were further divided into three linguistic groups: the Higesina, Haraya, and Ig Nine. These distinctions likely reflect regional variations in language and culture.
The Ati, also known as Negritos, were an indigenous group who were likely present in the Philippines before the arrival of the Austronesian people. Their numbers have significantly decreased over the centuries.
A Rich and Complex History
The pre-colonial Ilonggo people had a rich and complex history and culture. While the Maragtas offers some insights, it's crucial to approach it with caution and consider the archaeological evidence and accounts from early Spanish writers.
Disclaimer: I do not own the image presented. The photo is provided for educational and informational purposes only and to enhance visual understanding of the topic. Rights solely belongs to the rightful owner.
Source: https://thenewstoday.info/2008/02/22/establishing.pre.colonial.ilonggo.identity.html?need_sec_link=1&sec_link_scene=im
